This is my personal notes that I'll like to keep and learn from.
- Analyse Arguments
- Evalue Deductive Arguments
- Evaluate Inductive Arguments
- Avoid Fallacies
- Ambiguity
- Appeals
- Beggin the question
- General method
ANALYSE ARGUMENTS
- What Arguments are not
- Fight is not an argument
- Can't win an argument by yelling
- Not abuse by calling nasty names
- Not Complaining
- Not just denying the view
- What Argement is
- a series of sentences, statements, or propositions
- where some are the premises
- and one is the conclusion
- where the premises are intended to give a reason for the conclusion
- Argument is a connected series of statements to establish definite proposition (Monty Python)
- Put statements in a structure in the order of reasoning
- This is not always true as some proposition is already accepted to be true
- help us understand the proposition, and believe it is true
- Purpose Difference
- Persuasion: to convince someone to do or believe something they won't do without you (good/bad reasons)
- Justification: Reason without persuasion and others are not believing the conclusion (good reasons)
- Ask: is this person arguer trying to change my mind? (Persuasion)
- Are they trying t ogive some reason to belive somenthing? (Justification)
- Explination (when people believe it, but to understand why it is true)
- Causal: bridge collapse because of earthquake
- Teleological: why go to store? goal is to buy milk, reason
- Formal: peg does not fit in a round hole because it is square
- Material: golf club is light because it is made of graphite
- The train make such a noise because
- the train contuctor pulled a leaver
- there were people on the side of the railway and he wanted to warn them
- the whistle is shaped to let air release at a certain vibration
- air has a certain density that allows it to make a noise
- Forms
- Narrative: statements,
- Argument
- General principles or laws
- initial conditions / phenomenon to be explained
- Explanation is an attempt to fit a particular phenomenon into a general pattern in order to increase understanding and remove bewildermen or surprise.
- Is not persuasion, justification, generalisation, prediction
- Arguments are made of: Language
- Language is
- important: Helen Keller (lost sight and hearing)
- conventional: ride on r/l side of the road, football/soccer
- representational: "calling a tail a leg doesn't make it a leg" Lincoln
- social:follow conventions even if they don't make sense or don't like them
- Language operates in
- Semantics: meaning of words
- Physical production
- Structural composition
- Etiquette
- We don't need to know the rules to follow them
- Meaning
- Referential or descriptive view of language (not related to all comms)
- Meaning is use (Ludwig Wittgenstein)
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